En los procesos de formación y desarrollo de los futbolistas jóvenes se ha considerado la condición física, por ejemplo, la pliometría y cambios de dirección (Beato et al., 2018 Michailidis et al., 2019), velocidad (Murtagh et al., 2018), aspectos psicológicos (Olmedilla et al., 2019 Scharfen et al., 2019), técnicos (Rowat et al., 2017), tácticos (Machado et al., 2020 Machado et al., 2019), y antropométricos (Lago et al., 2011 Bernal et al., 2020), como el tamaño corporal (Malina et al., 2017) incluso la edad cronológica (EC) se ha utilizado como un parámetro organizativo para evaluar el rendimiento en jugadores jóvenes (Barrera et al., 2021). This manuscript synthesizes the relevant assessment methods, and provides a rationale for understanding usable biological maturation assessment tools that can aid in the development of training program design for youth. While there are several methods available to assess biological maturation, practitioners who work with youth can benefit from assessment methods that are available and feasible, and that provide utility in the quantification of the degree and stages of biological maturation that affect motor performance in children and adolescents.
Practitioners who work with school-age youth should be aware of the age-related changes that typically take place during a child's development to ensure that their strength and conditioning programming is as safe and effective as possible for enhancing performance and reducing injury risk. Mismatched rapid growth in the long bones relative to muscular lengthening may disrupt structure, neuromuscular function, and physical performance. Biological maturation is associated with significant change to a number of physiological and structural processes throughout childhood and, in particular, adolescence.
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